HISTORY – ANSWER SHEET, June 2011

PART ONE: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

N/Q Option
1 C
2 A
3 A
4 C
5 B
6 A
7 C
8 B
9 D
10 D

 

PART 2 : STRUCTURED QUESTIONS. ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS.

 1) The three factors that were responsible for the rise of   nationalism in colonial Africa include:

    • The exposure of Africans to severe economic exploitation during the colonial period.
    • Africans were fed up of heavy and harsh taxation by the Europeans.
    • Africans were fed up with the gradual destruction of their culture by the whites.
    • The introduction of racial discrimination to go hand in hand with colonialism.

  2) The three causes of the First World War.

    • The system of Alliances- The system of Alliances It led to fear and suspicion between nations. It transformed local disputes into a general conflict.
    • Imperialism- The amount of lands ‘owned’ by Britain and France increased their rivalry with Germany who had entered the scramble to acquire colonies late and only had small areas of Africa.
    • Militarism – The armies of both France and Germany had more than doubled between 1870 and 1914 and there was fierce competition between Britain and Germany for mastery of the seas

 3) The three main objectives of the League of Nations.

    • It was formed for the Maintenance of world peace
    • It was formed specifically created to prevent the outbreak of another world war.
    • to foster international cooperation in solving problems as they arise.

 4) The three benefits of international relations.

    • Promoting understanding and unity among the world’s nations
    • Helping I getting collective solutions to wards world problems
    • Developing countries to get financial assistance

 5) The reasons behind the formation of United Nations     Organisation include :

    • To promote and maintain international peace and security and prevent the occurrence of another world war.
    • To promote respect for fundamental human rights and freedoms.
    • To promote social progress and better living standards of the people.
    • To protect the interests of minority groups such as women and children

 6) The three challenges afflicting the provision of health services   in Puntland

    • Inadequate fund
    • Unqualified personnel’s
    • Inadequate equipment’s

 7) The three objectives of the Pan-Africanism conference that   was held in London in 1900.

    • To unite all the peoples of African origin in the struggle for emancipation from social discrimination and colonial rule.
    • To challenge the ideology of white supremacy on which European colonization was based.
    • To improve the African living conditions in the Diaspora and in the African continent.
    • To restore the dignity of the black people and liberate them from the bondage of slavery.

 8) The three major achievements of the Somali revolutionary   council include :

    • Enforcing the Somali Script for the Written Language which has been regarded as the greatest achievement in Somali History.
    • Campaigns against corruption, laziness, tribalism and cleanliness
    •  Establishing the First Somali University
    • Entering Somalia into the Arab League in 1974
    • Creating security courts to solve tribal clashes

 9) The three reasons why the Nile was important to ancient   Egyptian civilization.

    • They get for fresh water for drink ,cooking and other purpose
    • The Nile river providing water for irrigation for agricultural
    • The Nile river providing for fertile soil that suitable for agricultural

 10) Industrial revolution had many effects in Europe:- political,   social and economic.

      A) Explain three political effect of industrial revolution

    • rise of capitalism and socialism systems – the industrial revolution brought for new ideologies the led the world to be divided into new systems
    • it led to rise of revolution- during the industrial revolution many revolutions they where occur in many countries of the world
    • increasing women’s rights-
    • industrial lead imperialism

     B)Explain three social effects of industrial revolution

    • Poor sanitations in the industrial centers often led outbreaking of diseases
    • They were increasing crimes
    • There was scarcity of housing

PART THREE: (EXTENDED QUESTIONS)

  1)  A) What are the causes of food shortages in Africa?

    • Rapid population growth which has put a lot of pressure on the available food resources leading to shortages.
    • Poor transport network leads to uneven distribution of food. It also discourages farmers from producing more.
    • Rural-urban migration , especially among the young people has deprived the rural areas of the badly needed labour force for food production.
    • Political instability in some African countries undermines food production.

  B) Explain the effects of food shortages in Africa

    • Loss of life. Many people have lost their lives. For example the Ethiopian famine in 1984 led to the deaths of thousands of people.
    • Increased suffering among millions of people in Africa due to deficiency diseases like kwashiorkor and marasmus.
    • Food shortage has created social problems in societies
    • Sometimes famine and drought has forced people to flee their home countries thus causing refugee problems in the receiving countries.

 2) A) five factors that facilitated the spread of Islam in East   Africa.

    • Development of Islamic learning – The development and spread of Islamic learning contributed to the rapid expansion of Islam/education
    • Intermarriage/marriages
    • Religious persecutions
    • Some became Muslims in order to avoid being enslaved
    • Establishment of Islamic states -The establishment of Islamic states contributed to the conversion of many people to Islam
    • Arab migration – The Arab colonization – the migration of Arabs over large parts of Africa, Asia and Southern Europe contributed to the rapid spread of Islam/nomadic societies

    B) The factors contributed to the rise and growth of the coastal   cities states east Africa

    • The coast had natural harbours and that was open to traders.
    • The growth of the coastal cities in east Africa was the migration of the Bantu-speaking people from the Sahara and Sahel regions of Africa.
    • The growth of these communities coincided with their participation in trade and commerce across the Indian Ocean.

 3) A) The camel referred to as the ‘ship of the desert’ due to the   reasons below

    • It has a unique ability to survive for long without food and water.
    • They have an incredible water storage capacity, they do not sweat lose much moisture.
    • They have broad padded, two toed feet ideal for walking on desert sand.
    • The hump contains a lot of fat which the camel uses when it goes without eating Camels were commonly used during the trans-Saharan trade.

    B) The disadvantages of early animal transport.

    • It is highly susceptible to diseases.
    • It cannot survive in tsetse fly infected areas.
    • The weight limit of the load it can carry is 120kg.

 4) A) The social reasons for the scramble and partition of Africa

    • The work of Christian missionaries – They created an atmosphere of friendship with Africans by giving those gifts like cloths and beer, introducing economic activities like farming, carpentry, clerical work, among Africans, that were important virtues in the process of colonization.
    • The growth of European population – The growth of European population –steadily to about 420 million in the 19th century led to the quest for new outlets to resettle the population.E.g– Britain
    • Humanitarian factor.- When slave trade was abolished, many European nations used it as an excuse to remain in some parts of Africa, control the region, enforce the anti-slavery treaties, and promote legitimate trade.

    B) The political impact of the partition of Africa

    • Introduction of European administration minimized intertribal wars and civil strife.
    • It led to development of strong African leadership and beginning of state formation.
    • Rise of African nationalism to fight colonialism led to the development of African political awareness.
    • Use of divide and rule promoted ethnic disunity that continues to trouble Africa many years after independence.
    • Negatively, it led to collapse of African traditional political systems and leadership.

 5) Egyptian – Israel peace was reached at Camp David in 1978 – 9

      A) Explain why the two sides begun the peace talk

The following are the main reasons led the two sides begun the peace talk

    • Israel were suffering economic problems to due to enormous defense expenditure
    • Egyptians ( Anwar Sadat) realized that Israel could not be destroyed by force
    • Many areas was capture in Arab specially Egypt was captured in the Sinai peninsula
    • USA played a vital role for the negotiations

    B) What were the main points agreed?

The main points include:-

    • Egypt promised not to attack Israel again
    • Israel ships should use the Sues canal
    • To stop the war b/w the Israel and Egypt
    • Israel promise the give Egypt the Sinai peninsula

6) a) Define the term industry and industrialization.

Industry is the economic activity concerned with the processing of raw materials and manufacture of goods in factories.

Industrialization is the process by which an economy is transformed from primarily agricultural to one based on the manufacturing of goods.

   b) How did the industrial revolution promote colonialism?

    • The colonial wants raw materials for their industries to produce goods
    • The colonial were needed a market to sale the products they were produced Thus the leading pioneering imperialists
    • The industrial revolution also lead to increased demand for raw materials and energy
    • The industrial countries began to compete the Africa to get populations or markets.