Puntland State of Somalia

Puntland National Examination Board

Form Four Geography Examination Answer sheet, May 2012

PART ONE

Multiple choice Questions  Circle the correct answer.

1-A,

2-B,

3-C,

4-,

5-A,

6-B,

7-C,

8-D,

9-A,

10-B.

PART TWO: Answer all the following questions in the space provided

1) Match word or words in column (A) to the collect answer in column (B)

I– C

II– E

III– A

IV– F

V– B

VI– D

 2) Fill gaps with given word/words

    • I. Tropic of cancer
    • II. Frankincense
    • III. Mountain
    • IV . Wastes
    • V. Agricultural
    • VI. Ice sheets

 3. (a) Population distribution refers how people are placed on the earth’s   surface. Some regions are densely populated while others are sparsely   populated

(b) Because of mortality rate

    • Low standard and unhygienic
    • Natural hazards like wars, earthquakes, etc
    • Epidemics and diseases
    • etc

(c) factors influencing population growth

    • birth rate
    • death rate
    • fertility rate
    • migration
    • availability of medicine
    • availability of nutritious food
    • etc

 4. (a) an industry is an established plant set to process simple and ordinary   raw material into finished products

(b) Identifying the three types of industries

    • Primary industries/extracted forms first stage of production of raw materials
    • Secondary/manufactured industries, they use primary products as raw materials and transform them into more consumable finished goods
    • Tertiary/service industries, they offer services to the people

(c) Reasons why countries strive to be industrialize because

    • They provide employment opportunities
    • Earn foreign exchange
    • Raise living standard of the people
    • Encourage establishment of urban centers
    • Encourage social amenities
    • Improve and maintain transport routes
    • Etc

 5. (a) climate is the state or condition of the atmosphere for a place for a   long period of time

 (b) Labelling types of rainfall

    • Relief or orographic rainfall
    • Cyclonic or depression rainfall
    • Convectional rainfall

(c) How altitude influences temperature

    • As altitude increases, temperature decreases and vice versa
    • As altitude decreases, temperature increases
    • Temperature is high in low altitudes and low in high altitudes

 6) (a) Nomadic pastoralism is a traditional type of animal farming in which   large numbers of animals are kept by nomadic communities which move   them from place to place in search of water and pasture.

b) Three livestock breeds that are kept in Puntland

    • Goats
    • Camels
    • Cattle

(b) Role of camel in nomadic communities

    • Provides a lot of milk to nomadic herders
    • A pack animal used to move their goods and properties from place to another
    • Used for paying murder or compensation
    • It is used for replacing girls in marriage
    • It forms basis in exchange
    • Prides fresh meat when slaughtered for hunger
    • It earns foreign exchange when exported to overseas markets
    • etc

7. List fishing regions depicted from the given map of Somalia

    • I. Gulf of Aden fishing grounds like Zeila, Berbera, Las-Koray, etc
    • II. Indian Ocean fishing ground like Hafoun, Eil, Mogadishu, Marka, Brava, Kismaio, etc.

 8) (a) the three ways in which people and goods are transported from place   to place

    • Land transport
    • Water transport
    • Air transport

 (b) Problems that land transport faces

    • Lack of capital for development and maintenance
    • Weathering forms potholes in roads
    • They face traffic jams
    • Faces many accidents that can cause deaths
    • It is affected by robbery of goods and carjacking
    • Perishable goods cannot be transported if distance is too long
    • Etc

 9) (a) difference between Rural and Urban settlement

    • Rural settlement is the name given to rural areas including countryside and villages and dispersed settlements, their inhabitants are mainly engaged in agriculture
    • Urban settlements are called towns, cities and conurbations which grow from needs of people to live together

      (b) (I) Push factors are included

    • Low standard of living
    • Insecurity
    • Shortage of education
    • Natural disasters
    • Inadequate resources
    • Lack of medical facilities
    • Lack of employment

   (II) Pull factors

    • High standard of living
    • Availability of land
    • Better employment opportunities
    • Better education
    • High wages
    • Marriage links

10. (a) communication is transferring information from one person or place   to another

(b) Olden ways of communication (traditional) included

    • Gesture
    • Smoke
    • Beating a drum
    • Boat
    • Shouting

  (c) Uses of mobile phone rather than transmitting information

    • As a calculator
    • Keeping data
    • Watching film
    • As a calendar
    • Obtaining education
    • Music play
    • Etc

PART THREE: Extended Questions

 Answer only three questions out of the following five questions.

1) (a) We manage and conserve the environment because

    • We obtain our food supply from the soil so it must be protected from erosion
    • Through management and conservation, genetic resources are maintained
    • One way of protecting water catchment areas, is to conserve forests
    • Forests beautify landscape
    • Some natural resources extracted from the environment are sold and earn income. Eg minerals and woods
    • Some plants and animals are endangered through exploitation
    • To prevent erosion. This is removal of fertile soil at a rate exceeding its replacement by weathering.

(b) Problems associated with environmental hazards

    • Loss of human and animal life
    • Destruction of crops
    • Washing away buildings
    • Evacuation of people
    • Soil erosion
    • Pollution
    • Spread of diseases and fires

 2) (a) Factors that influence population distribution

    • Reliability of amount of rainfall
    • Availability of natural resource
    • Soil fertility
    • Spread of disasters like pests, diseases, floods, fires, etc
    • Urbanization
    • Insecurity and lack of stability
    • Altitude
    • Etc

 (b) Define terms

    • Birth rate: number of births per 1000 population per year
    • Death rate: number of deaths per 1000 population per year
    • Overpopulation: where number of people is high so that the per capita income is low due to the strain on resources
    • Under populated: where the number of people is so low as not to be able to exploit the resources and develop in an area
    • Migration: movement of people from one place of dwelling to another owing various social, economic and political factors. People who move out are emigrants while those move into a place are immigrants

3. (a) Factors that influence agriculture

    • Climate
    • Topography, means relief and slope
    • Soil fertility and type
    • Social factors as culture and region
    • Economic factors as market and prices
    • Transport and communication
    • Capital used for investment
    • Etc

(b) Importance of agriculture in national development

    • Provides food security
    • Provides employment opportunities
    • Earn foreign exchange
    • Earn government revenue
    • Leads to establishment of towns
    • Leads to establishment and development of infrastructures
    • Etc

4. (a) mining is the extraction of minerals and mineral ores from the earth’s   crust

(b)

A. Oil drill

B. Impervious rock

C. Oil

D. Gas

E. Impervious rock

F. porous rock /Water

 5. (a) strategic location of Arab countries

    • They extend from Indian ocean in the east to the Atlantic ocean in the west
    • They join continents “Africa, Asia and Europe” together.
    • They have border with Mediterranean sea, Atlantic and Indian oceans.
    • They control both canals “Suez and Bab-Elmandeb”
    • They also control straits of “Gibraltar and Hormuz”

(b) To maintain their Food security, Arab countries agreed to

    • Adopt their food policy in member states
    • Develop agricultural activities in member countries
    • Develop trade between them
    • Develop mining industry in Arab countries
    • Invest arable land in Arab countries
    • etc