HISTORY – ANSWER SHEET, June 2015

PART ONE: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

N/Q Option
1 A
2 D
3 B
4 A
5 C
6 B
7 B
8 D
9 D
10 B
11 C
12 C
13 C
14 D
15 C

 PART 2 : STRUCTURED QUESTIONS. ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS.

  1) (A) Name the second Caliphate of Islam

Omar Binu al-Khattab RC

     (B) Name any two of his main duties ?

    • Umar’s greatest achievement was undoubtedly the expansion of the Islamic empire.
    • Omar established the Islamic calendar
    • Umar was universally respected for his justice and authority.
    • systematizing the rule of his vast territories
    • organizing state pensions

 2) (A) Briefly explain the rise of Ottoman Empire?

  • The Ottoman Empire was one of the mightiest and longest-lasting dynasties in world history. This Islamic-run superpower ruled large areas of the Middle East, Eastern Europe and North Africa for more than 600 years. The chief leader, known as the Sultan, was given absolute religious and political authority over his people. Osman I, a leader of the Turkish tribes in Anatolia, founded the Ottoman Empire around 1299.

   (B) Clearly explain the Downfall of Ottoman Empire?

– Starting in the 1600s, the Ottoman Empire began to lose its economic and    military dominance to Europe. There are many factors that contribute to     Downfall of Ottoman Empire include:

    • Poor leadership and having to compete with trade from the Americas and India, led to the weakening of the empire.
    • In 1683, the Ottoman Turks were defeated at the Battle of Vienna. This loss added to their already waning status.
    • The Balkan Wars, which took place in 1912 and 1913, the Ottoman Empire lost nearly all their territories in Europe.
    • In 1915, Turkish leaders made a plan to massacre Armenians living the Ottoman Empire.

 3) (A) What caused the rise and growth of African nationalism?

The loss of independence to foreigners and the introduction of foreign systems of government caused feelings of resistance among rulers and peoples of Africa. Therefore foreign control caused feelings of nationalism. Several factors contributed to the rise of African nationalism

    • The settlement of large numbers of European settlers in different parts of Africa caused growth of African nationalism.
    • there were also unfair colonial policies caused growth of African nationalism.
    • African where discriminated in some areas this factor also contribute the rise and growth of African nationalism
    • The suffering of Africans which was also expressed in form of armed resistance in many countries marked the growth of African nationalism.
    • Large numbers of Africans were displaced from fertile lands in Kenya, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, South Africa and many other countries.
    • It also exposed Africans to segregation. This caused the need to fight for political freedom and self determination.

    (B) Write three factors that strengthened Africa nationalism?

 – Several factors contributed to the strengthened Africa nationalism   include:-

    • The emergence of the new super powers, that is, USA and Soviet Union, replaced Britain, France and Germany which had failed to protect world peace
    • They also used their influence in the UN to call for independence of African colonies this encouraged the growth of nationalist movements.
    • the improvement of the transport networks and urbanization growth also caused growth of African nationalism.
    • The Colonial education also contributed to the rise of African nationalism.
    • News papers also played a major role. The elite used these news papers to expose colonial exploitation and to mobilize the people for the nationalist struggle.
    • The influence of decolonization in Asia also played a big role in the growth of African nationalism.
    • The example of Liberia and Ethiopia also influenced nationalism. This influenced the rise of nationalist movements

 4) (A) Define the term “national integration”

Integration means unification into a whole. The act of combining or bring together various parts in a way that makes them one. National integration refers to the process by which various components of a nation are brought together into a whole leading to national unity.

     (B) State two factors that promote national integration?

    – the factors that promote national integration include:-

    • The constitution.
    • One government.
    • One presidency.
    • National language.
    • National activities.
    • Mass media.
    • Symbols of National unity.

 5) (A) State Six causes of World War one?

    • The system of Alliances
    • Imperialism
    • Economic rivalry
    • Militarism
    • Nationalism
    • The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife

    ( B) Mention Five results of World War one

    • USA gained an upper hand in the post war European affairs. She emerged as a leading world power.
    • The end of the war marked the beginning of the decline of western imperialism.
    • The end of the war witnessed the creation of new states e.g. Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Poland and Finland.
    • Germany and Italy fell in the hands of dictators e.g. Mussolini and Hitler.
    • There was massive destruction of property and infrastructure.
    • It led to the great depression 1920 to 1921, which affected economies worldwide.

 6) (A) List Four Somali nationalists who struggled for       independence of Somalia?

    • Sayid Mohamed Abdille Hassan
    • Sheikh Hassan Barsame
    • Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi
    • Hawa Osman Tako

     (B) State two objectives of their struggle a part from         independence?

    • They eliminate Somali colonizers in the region
    • They promote Somali languages
    • They participate the Somali elections

 7) Why some European countries scrambled and partitioned   Somalia in the beginning of 19th century?

European countries scramble and partition Somalia for the following   reasons

    • Geo-political factor in some Europeans scramble Somalia for their political interests specially Britain went to get meat for their troops in Aden
    • Geo-economic factor Somalia has many natural resources that valuable industries
    • Ideological factor i.e – somali society is muslim suni section some European’s they spread for their religion

 8) Britain was the first country to be industrial power in the   world

   A) List three factors that enhanced?

    • It had agricultural raw material
    • It had mineral resources eg: coal and iron
    • Britain had a lot of wealth from overseas trade
    • Britain had skilled labor for industries
    • Britain had good roads and railway network for the transport
    • Britain had market for selling goods
    • Britain government policies supported industrialization

     B) Describe four positive effects of the industrial revolution?

    • It led to the formation of trade union , co-operatives societies, socialist parties
    • The industrial revolution led to an increase in agricultural production through invention new machines.
    • There was improved transport and communication system to facilitates the movements of goods and people
    • The Industrial revolution creates employments
    • The industrial revolution increases urbanization system
    • increasing women’s rights

 9) (A) define the term “Cold War”?

The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union and the United States and their respective allies, the Eastern Bloc and the Western Bloc, after World War II.

   ( B) State five factors that caused Cold War?

    • Ideological differences
    • Formation of military alliances
    • Economic rivalry
    • Space race
    • Stalin foreign police he want to dominate whole
    • Hostility b/w the super powers

  (C) Write Three effects of Cold War?

    • It brought immense divisions and conflict to people of the same continent, region and countries based on pro-west or pro-east ideologies.
    • There was untold suffering to the people. Disease, poverty and refugee camps became common sights.
    • There was destruction of the economy as infrastructure was destroyed by war.
    • It created mistrust and suspicion amongest nations.
    • It led to arms race. It led to militarization of regions and countries.

PART THREE: (EXTENDED QUESTIONS)

 1) (A) Arabs have several things in common. State Five?

    • Arab shares culture
    • All Arabs are Muslims ( suni section )
    • Arab shares common language
    • Most Arabs hated the Israel
    • Palestinians could get land

     (B) Briefly discuss causes of Suez canal War of 1956

    • Colonel Nasser organized guerrilla fighters known as fedayeen to carry out murder in Israel
    • Colonel Nasser helped Algerian Arabs their British troops against French
    • Colonial Nasser signed an army deal with Czechoslovakia for Russian fighters
    • Colonial Nasser ended British treaty with Egypt

    (C) the outcome of the War

    • The war was failed to withdraw Colonel Jamal
    • Colonel Nasser increases his prestige in the region
    • British lost ally of Iraq
    • The brought Algerian were struggle their independence

 2) (A) Explain Five causes of World War Two?

    • The failure of appeasement
    • Militarism
    • Nationalism
    • Great depression
    • Alliance system
    • Invasion Germany to Poland
    • Imperialism
    • The Rise of dictators in Europe

     (B) Discuss Five effects of World War Two?

    • Depopulation and great suffering as Millions of people perished either in war or due to famine and diseases.
    • There was massive Destruction of property such as homes, houses, buildings, roads and bridges.
    • The war fomented bitter feelings and mistrust among the countries that fought.
    • Defeat of axis powers led to government changes in Germany, Italy and Japan.
    • U.S.A & U.S.S.R emerged as superpowers.
    • A weakness of the League of Nations to prevent the outbreak of war was demonstrated.
    • The war Led to UNO formation.

 3) Somalia has been in a state of war since the fall of Siyad Barre   in 1991. Explain effects of

     (A) Socially

    • Many Somali’s they fled for their homes eventually become homeless
    • Many civilians they died due to prolong droughts , wars and famine
    • The challenge of high population growth rate. This affects the quality of the services provided by governments.
    • Increases the crimes like rape, killed of the innocent people , pirates e.t.c
    • Inaccessibility to clean water by majority of the people.
    • The challenge of HIV/AIDS pandemic. This has had a toll on productive members of the society.
    • Absence of practical systems of education.

   B) Politically

    • Sharp ideological difference arose among the pioneer leaders of Somali states.
    • The political systems become mistrust among the Somali leaders
    • Political instability was quite common in whole the country.
    • Corruption and embezzlement of public funds is common in the countries.
    • North West region autonym declared independence to the rest of the country
    • Many states was formed
    • Somali elders become the root grass of the country’s decision rather than the politicians
    • International interference was common in the country

  (C) Economically

    • Unemployment and socio-economic inequalities both among individuals and between regions are common in the nation.
    • Overdependence on primary exports. The Somali economy is an extractive one rather than a manufacturing economy.
    • Poor economic planning. Some economic policies have destabilized the economies.
    • The tough conditions given by donor agencies have sometimes led to deterioration of social welfare.
    • Corruption and embezzlement of public funds is common in the countries.

 4) (A) List the names of Five presidents who served Puntland   since 1998?

    • Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed
    • Mohamed Abdi Hashi
    • Mohamud Muse Hersi “Adde”
    • Abdirahman Moahmud Mohamed Farole
    • Abdiweli Mohamed Ali Gas

(B) Discuss the economical development of Puntland

Puntland economic mostly depend on for the livestock and remittance

    • Puntland economic catalyse local development through supporting local innovation for self-employment.
    • Some areas were improve infrastructure roads that facilitates to the development of the economic
    • Puntland Achieved reconciliation, peace, and security at all levels of the societies and thus increases to the development of the economic
    • Remittances and Economic Development in Puntland was great opportunities of the family supporte