HISTORY – ANSWER SHEET, June 2019

PART ONE: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

N/Q Option
1. C
2. A
3. D
4. A
5. A
6. D
7. A
8. C
9. B
10. C
11. D
12. C
13. B
14. A
15. C

PART 2: STRUCTURED QUESTIONS. ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS.

1)    A) In which year the Six days war happened?

    •          The Six days war happened in 1967

B) Explain the results of the Six days war

    • Arab knows and realized could not defeat Israel without outside helping
    • Israel was succeeding in the war
    • Millions of Palestinians remain refugee in the west bank

 2)  Factors that facilitate agriculture in Mesopotamian

    • Availability of indigenous crops and animals in the region
    • Existence of fertile land along river valleys of Tigris and Euphrates-consisting of deposited silt.
    • Availability of water from rivers Tigris and Euphrates which was used for irrigation.
    • The invention of farming tools e.g. Hoes, ploughs, sickles, and seed drill which promoted agricultural activities.
    • Existence of transport system in form of donkeys, canoes, river transport, etc; which was instrumental in transportation of inputs and outputs.
    • Political instability enabled people to practice agriculture.

 3)  A) The aims of the Arab league

    • It was Formed to foster economic growth in the region
    • To resolve disputes between its members, and coordinate political aims
    • The league was established to form a common market.
    • It was formed to mediate disputes among them or between them and the rest of the world
    • It was created to promote and coordinate the political, cultural, economic, and social programs of its members.
    • It was formed to strengthen the diplomatic ties of its members and the rest of the world.

    B) The weakness of the Arab league

    • The organization has been severely criticized by Arabs and non-Arabs alike for its lack of unity and major deficiencies.
    • The Arab world share of instability and internal problems.
    • the league of Arab faced a lack of unity
    • Arab league was failed to form a joint defensive army
    • Arab league was failed to stop boycott against American companies trading with Israel
    • Arab league was a humanitarian crisis such as Sudan.

 4) The causes of Uhud battle between Islam and Quraysh

    • The Makkans wanted revenge for their defeat at Badr  they wanted to punish the Muhajireen
    • A force of the Muslim community of Medina, led by the prophet of Islam, Muhammad, faced an Army commanded by Abu Sufyan of Mecca.

 5)  The aims of Ahmed Gurey war against Abyssinia

    • To remove the colonial rule in the Somali territory.
    • To prevent the spread of the other religion in the Somali territories.
    • To restore Somali dignity in the region
    • To promote Somali culture and spread the Islamic religion.

6)  A) List any three organs of the organization of the united nations

    • General assembly
    • The secretariat
    • The security council
    • The international court of justice

      B) The official languages of the United Nations organization

    • English
    • Arabic
    • Spanish
    • Chinese standard
    • French
    • Russian federation
    • 7)  A) The branches of the government

7) A) The branches of the government

    • Judiciary
    • Executive
    • legislative

     B) Which branch of the government responsible the passing laws?

The branch of government that responsible for the passing laws is legislative.

8) A) Name two European countries colonized Somali rather than Britain.

Italy and French

 B) The British colonial interest in Somalia

    • The British established a protectorate in the region referred he easiest local source is the Somali coast.
    • Britain colonized the north-west of Somalia in order to produce food supplies for the British in the port of Aden (Yemen).
    • when the British begin to use Aden, on the south coast of Arabia, as a coaling station for ships on the route to India Somali coasts become strategic place station for ships on the route to India.

9) A) The objectives of the African Union

    • To accelerate the political, social and economic integration of the continent.
    • To promote and defend the African common positions on issues of interest.
    • To promote cooperation among the African states in economic, social and political fields so as to improve living standards.
    • To achieve and enhance greater African solidarity and unity.
    • To promote peace, security and stability in the continent through peaceful settlement of disputes.
    • Promote and protect human rights

B) The achievements of the African Union (AU)

    • It offered solution to border disputes between member states
    • The OAU achieved total liberation of African countries
    • It condemned human rights violation in countries
    • It provided a forum for discussing Africa’s common problems
    • It was instrumental in the formation of regional organizations like ECOWAS, IGAD and COMESA
    • The AU has become a major player in the African peace and security landscape
    • The AU was eradicate colonialism and other epidemic diseases on the continent and to achieve the common goal of the African societies.

10) A) Explain the causes of the cold war

    • Ideological differences– There was deep-seated fear and mutual suspicion between USA and USSR over the spread of their ideologies–capitalism and communism.
    • Economic rivalry. In 1947, the USA President Harry S. Truman introduced the Marshal Plan, a scheme to assist western European countries that had been devastated by war.
    • Formation of military alliances. In April 1949, the USA, western European countries and Canada formed a military alliance through the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty in Washington D.C. (NATO).The formation of NATO ended USA’s isolationist policy.
    • Disagreement over the issue of disarmament. The use of atomic bomb on Japan by USA towards the end of World War II alarmed USSR. The two sides failed to agree on an arms reduction plan and continued to stockpile atomic bombs.
    • Disagreement over the future of Germany as a whole. Western allies wanted a strong Germany to assist in the economic prosperity of other nations.

     B) Analyze the results of the cold war

    • It brought immense divisions and conflict to people of the same continent, region and countries based on pro-west or pro-east ideologies. E.g. in Angola.
    • There was untold suffering to the people. Disease, poverty and refugee camps became common sights.
    • There was destruction of the economy as infrastructure was destroyed by war. As communist systems failed to produce wealth, unemployment and poverty set in.
    • It created mistrust and suspicion amongst nations.
    • It led to arms race. It led to militarization of regions and countries.
    • Led to formation of economic alliances and military alliances like NATO (1949) and the Warsaw pact (1955). COMECON (1949) and the European Economic Union (1957.
    • The cold war led to development in science and technology.

11)  Explain the results of the First World War

    • USA gained an upper hand in the post war European affairs. She emerged as a leading world power.
    • German military capability was reduced on land and sea and heavy indemnity imposed on her.
    • The end of the war witnessed the creation of new states e.g. Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Poland and Finland.
    • It led to a change of government in Britain.
    • There was greater use of motor vehicles and aircraft, which facilitated transport.
    • The art of surgery improved.
    • Between 1914 and 1918, European factories were destroyed and business brought down hence heavy losses.
    • There was massive destruction of property and infrastructure.
    • It led to the great depression 1920 to 1921, which affected economies worldwide.

                                 PART THREE: (EXTENDED QUESTIONS)

 1) A) Explain the aims pan Africanism movement

    • To unite all the peoples of African origin in the struggle for emancipation from social discrimination and colonial rule.
    • To challenge the ideology of white supremacy on which European colonization was based.
    • To improve the African living conditions in the Diaspora and in the African continent.
    • To secure democratic rights for all African peoples e.g. right to vote. Form political associations etc.
    • To restore the dignity of the black people and liberate them from the bondage of slavery.
    • To create a forum through which protests against European colonization and racial discrimination could be channeled.
    • To find better ways of establishing better relations between the Europeans and Africans on the one hand and among Africans on the other hand.

 B) The achievements of pan Africanism movement

    • The movement created political awareness among people of African origin and a sense of deep concern for suffering of blacks all over the world.
    • It put in place Steps towards the restoration of status and dignity to the African people, which had been eroded by slave trade, colonialism and racism.
    • The movement provided an important forum where the people of African origin could discuss their problems. It promoted brotherhood among Africans.
    • The movement led to the Development of the spirit of solidarity among the African people when dealing with issues that concern the continent.
    • It laid the basis for the Formation of OAU, which later became the African Union (AU).
    • The movement played an important role in the advancement of African nationalism by encouraging peoples of African origin to take pride in their ancestry and demand their rights.

  2) A) The major achievements of the Somali Revolutionary Council ( SRC)

    • Enforcing the Somali Script for the Written Language which has been regarded as the greatest achievement in Somali History.
    • Campaigns against corruption, laziness, tribalism and cleanliness
    • Establishing the First Somali University
    • Entering Somalia into the Arab League in 1974
    • Creating security courts to solve tribal clashes

     B) The reasons that led to downfall of Somali government in 1991

    • Siyad barre action was dictator that is led to collapse of the Somali government
    • Economic problem also played a key role the collapse of the government
    • Mistrust among the Somali leaders also cause the collapse the Somali government
    • Tribalism, nepotism was the major causes of the collapse

3) At Camp David 1978-9 the Egyptian Israel peace treaty was signed.

   A)What are the main points agreed both sides?

The main points include:

    • Egypt promised not to attack Israel again
    • Israel ships should use the Sues canal
    • To stop the war b/w the Israel and Egypt
    • Israel promise the give Egypt the Sinai Peninsula

   B) Assess the consequences of this treaty

    • The war brought inflation to raise oil price of the world
    • Israel promise to move their troops back from the canal Suez.
    • Egypt was subsequently suspended from the Arab League from 1979 until 1989.

 4)  A) The factors that contribute the formation of the United nations organization ( UNO)

    • It was created an international organization dedicated to maintaining peace took hold during the war.
    • To observe the progress of ceasefire and peace agreements among the nations of the world.
    • To offered humanitarian support to millions of people around the world. .
    • Develop friendly relations among nations;.
    • Achieve international cooperation in solving international problems; and.
    • Be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends.

B) The major weakness of the United Nations organization (UNO)

    • Ideological disputes among member states have hampered the work of UNO in promoting world peace. This was manifested in the cold war period.
    • The arms race. The UNO has found it difficult to achieve world peace because of the arms race in different parts of the world. The arms race generates and sustains conflict rather than peace.
    • The increased occurrence of natural disasters such as famine, floods and epidemics has created an unexpected demand for economic resources.
    • The permanent members with veto powers often adopt policies that promote their own national interests at the expense of the collective interests of most countries in the world.
    • Lacks sufficient funds to carry out its work efficiently. E.g it has not always been able to send enough peacekeeping forces due to lack of sufficient funds.
    • It is unable to stop aggressions and conflicts between individual countries when super powers are involved.

5) A) The achievements of Kwame Nkrumah in Ghana

    • As president of Ghana, Nkrumah inspired many African countries to struggle for political independence, and the black civil rights movement in the USA to fight for their rights.
    • He initiated the formation of the Ghana- Guinea Union in 1958 as a practical step towards building African unity.
    • He funded nationalists in other countries e.g. Guinea and Algeria.
    • Introduction of cocoa growing led to adoption of money economy in Ghana ahead of other countries.
    • Kwame Nkrumah he improved the standard living of the Ghanaians
    • Kwame Nkrumah built a lot of dams for agricultural purpose or H.E.P.

 B) The reasons that led Nkrumah’s overthrown in power

    • He began to abandon parliamentary government in favor one party state
    • Kwame Nkrumah become soon as dictatorship.
    • Kwame Nkrumah linked Ghana with communist states