FORM 4 GEOGRAPHY 2017 ANSWERS

 

PART ONE:- MULTPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1-C,

2-A,

3-A,

4-D,

5-B,

6-B,

7-C,

8-D,

9-D,

10-B

 PART TWO: STRUCTURAL QUESTIONS – Answer all following  questions in the spaces provided

 1)  A) Farming: cultivation of crops and rearing livestock

B) Explain any three factors influencing farming:

    • Temperature: some animals do well in hot or warm areas while some crops do well in cool areas
    • Sunshine: needed for photosynthesis in which plants manufacture their own food
    • Winds: important for pollination necessary for fruit and seed formation
    • Moisture: inadequate moisture causes failed germination and retarded growth of crops
    • Soils: deep soils favour growth of deep rooted crops while shallow soils favour growth of shallow rooted crops
    • Altitude: Influences temperature determining type of crops and animals reared
    • Terrain: Most crops do well on sloping land as it is well drained
    • Aspect: slopes facing sun can support crop growing and animal rearing as they are warmer and wetter than slopes facing away from the sun
    • Weeds: compete with plants for moisture, nutrients and sunlight leading low and poor quality yields.
    • Insects: Locusts and army warms eat green leaves and stems and destroy everything. Others like tsetse flies transmit diseases
    • Squirrels and mice eat newly planted crops and destroy harvested grains respectively
    • Diseases: weaken and eventually kill plants and animals.

C) Compare shifting and extensive agriculture:

Shifting cultivation Extensive agriculture
  1. Type of farming in which a plot in a forest is cultivated 3-5 years
  2. They cultivate food crops on small tracts of land
  3. It is mainly practiced in developing countries
  4. Land is slashed and vegetation is put on fire and ash is used to enrich the soil
  5. Land is dug using simple tools
  6. They move to other plot of land when land looses fertility
  1. They cultivate grains on large tract of land
  2. It is best developed in temperate grasslands like prairies
  3. Extremely large farms are cultivated
  4. Cultivation is mechanized
  5. Wheat is the main crop cultivated
  6. Grain is cultivated on unirrigated land since it requires little precipitation

 2) A) Planets marked

    1.  Mercury
    2. Venus
    3.  Earth
    4.  Mars
    5.  Jupiter
    6.  Saturn
    7. Uranus
    8. Neptune
    9.  Pluto

B) Because Pluto is the farthest away from the sun

3) A) Energy: power or fuel must be fed machines to drive or to a do work

B) List of nonrenewable sources of energy:

    • Coal
    • Oil or petroleum
    • Natural gas
    • Uranium
    • Methane

 4)  A) Transport: Movement of goods and people from one place to   another

B) Significances of transportation:

    • Facilitate movement of goods and people from place to another
    • Making tourist attraction accessible
    • Areas with good transport networks are likely to attract investors to setup industries
    • Many people are employed in transport sectors like drivers.
    • Settlements develop where transport routes converge
    • Transport opens up remote areas for exploitation of natural resources like minerals
    • Transport is a source of revenue to the government
    • Improving standard of living
    • Earns foreign exchange

5) A) On the map label countries marked A, B, C, D, E

A: Iraq

B: Saudi Arabia

C: Algeria

D: Sudan

E: Somalia

    B) Significance of strategic location of Arab world:

    • The region can be easily accessed by land or by water and air
    • Arab world is distinguished by its strategic position from Non Arab countries
    • Arab world links the three continents Africa, Asia and Europe
    • It is surrounded by important water bodies, straits and canael giving multiple points of access
    • Adding to its value, it is a source oil and other minerals

6)  A) Settlement: a place where people live and work or interact

B) Four characteristics for rural community:

    • Settlement size is small
    • Density of population is low
    • They are close contact with nature
    • Settlements are chiefly concerned with primary activities
    • Agriculture is the main occupation
    • There is mainly poor infrastructural facilities

7) A) Mineral: A chemical compound which occur in the earth’s crust and   which forms the bases of rocks

B) Methods of extracting minerals:

    • Opencast mining: used when minerals lie near the earth’s surface
    • Dredging or adit: method used to remove mud from mineral layer to be extracted
    • Shaft or underground mining: method used when minerals lie very deep below the earth’s surface about 400 meter deep

C) Problems facing mining minerals in Puntland:

    • Poor countries Lack capital
    • Poor transport system
    • Lack of skilled personnel
    • Price fluctuation / lack of market
    • Lack of power supply
    • Small deposits are uneconomical
    • Land locked countries lack suitable outlet

 8) A) Earthquake: a sudden violent shaking of the ground mainly causing   great destruction as a result within the earth’s crust

B) Level of the earthquake influence

    • Town A receives most serious earthquake caused damage because it is located at the Epicenter nearest to the focus the origin of the earthquake
    • Town B receives less damage than Town A because it locates some distance away from focus but strong seismic waves can cause damage lower than Town A
    • Town C receives least earthquake violence. It receives less damage from seismic waves and fault line running near it.

9) A) filling table below

  B) Problems facing investment in Somalia

    • We have large deposits of minerals but we lack capital
    • Poor transport system may hinder full exploitation Of large deposits in remote areas
    • To exploit our natural resources we lack skilled personnel and depend o expatriates
    • Somalia depends on agricultural exports which is affected by climatic variation, diseases and pests leading to low production
    • Somalia’s exports are of low value as they consist of primary products / semi processed
    • Local manufactures suffer unfair competition from abroad firms
    • There is ignorance as some Somalis prefer to buy goods from overseas
    • Political instability in some areas affected transportation in Somalia
    • Low purchasing power as cost of manufactured goods is too high
    • High cost of travelling due to high cost of fuel

10) A) Tourism: Process of travelling to other places for pleasure, business   or education

B) Problems facing tourism in Somalia

    • Insecurity
    • Ethnic clashes in tourist attraction areas
    • Illegal hunting of animals
    • Terrorist attacks such as bombing
    • International media gives negative publicity from Somalia
    • Air fares /charges or prices from and to many parts of the world is in high cost
    • Some tourists encourage poaching
    • Tourism can cause young people to drop out of schools

 C) Main tourist zones in Somalia:

    • Lower Shebelle river with many swamps
    • Lower Juba forest zone
    • Sandy beaches both in Indian ocean
    • The Gulf of Aden with uncrowned white sandy coasts
    • Guban Desert region
    • Goles Mountain Ranges
    • Dhobey agricultural areas

PART THREE: Essay question – Answer any three questions

   1) A) Factors Influencing location of industries

    • A lot of capital is required in establishing and developing industries
    • Industries are located near sources of raw materials to reduce transport costs
    • They are located near main power supply to reduce transmitting power supply
    • They are located where buyers of products are available or densely populated areas
    • Labour intensive industries are located in densely populated areas where there is adequate and cheap labour force to reduce production costs
    • Government policy: government decentralizes industries from urban to rural areas by providing incentives.
    • Cost of land: In Places where land is expensive discourages industrial development

      B) Significance of industrialization to Somalia

    • Earns foreign exchange after exportation of manufactured industries
    • Develops other sectors of the economy like education, health care, etc
    • Industries employ people providing them with income
    • Help people to raise their standard of living
    • Industries has led to diversification of the economy
    • Industrial exports help in balance of trade between Somalia and her trading partners
    • Industries encourage establishment and development of towns
    • Industrial countries can cause self-sufficient in industrial goods

   C) Problems facing industries in Somalia

    • Somalia lacks adequate capital for industrial establishment and development
    • Has led to displacement of people by forcing them to leave the area to establish a industry
    • Industries cause environmental degradation due to pollution they release into the air
    • Industries suffer from the problem of raw materials
    • Low purchasing power as cost of manufactured goods is too high
    • Lack of s labour forcing government to employ expatriates
    • It may also lead to poor management leading losses and eventually close down an industry
    • Locally produced goods compete with imported ones leading to decline of local industry
    • There is problem of high cost energy imported causing high cost products

 2) In the process of Hydrological cycle

    A) Name areas marked 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

    1. Sunlight
    2. Clouds
    3. Evaporation
    4. Precipitation
    5. Ocean

      B) Name rivers marked A, B, C, D and E

    • A)  R. Nile
    • B)  Niger river
    • C)  Senegal R
    • D)  R. Congo
    • E)  R. Zambezi

 3) A) Climate: Average weather conditions calculated in a place for a long   period of time

      B) List of weather elements

    • Sunshine
    • Temperature
    • Rainfall
    • Humidity
    • Atmospheric Pressure
    • Wind direction
    • Wind speed
    • Cloud cover

     C) Diagrams of instruments that measure weather elements

    1. Barometer
    2. Hygrometer
    3. Stevenson screen
    4. Six’s thermometer
    5. Anemometer

 4) A) label Physical regions of Somalia

    1. Guban coastal region
    2. Goles Mountain Ranges
    3. Ogo plateau Region
    4. Hawd Physical Region
    5. Nugaal lowland region
    6. Deeh coastal region

     B) Dhobey human activities

    • They cultivate crops
    • They also rear animals
    • It is an industrial region
    • Trading activities is important in the region
    • Fishing activities is common around rivers

 5)  A) Name world’s main fishing grounds Marked ….

    1. North-eastern Atlantic fishing ground
    2. North-eastern Pacific fishing ground
    3. North-western Atlantic fishing ground
    4. South-east Atlantic / Gulf of Guinea fishing ground
    5. North-eastern Pacific fishing ground
    6. Coastal Peru fishing ground

       B) Challenges facing fishing in Somalia

    • Inadequate market due to low purchasing power and availability of fresh animal meat and agricultural products along coastal areas
    • Somalia lacks adequate capital for industrial establishment and development
    • Has led to displacement of people by forcing them to leave the area to establish a industry
    • Industries cause environmental degradation due to pollution they release into the air
    • Industries suffer from the problem of raw materials
    • Low purchasing power as cost of manufactured goods is too high
    • Lack of s labour forcing government to employ expatriates
    • It may also lead to poor management leading losses and eventually close down an industry
    • Locally produced goods compete with imported ones leading to decline of local industry
    • There is problem of high cost energy imported causing high cost products