Puntland State of Somalia

Ministry of Education

Puntland National Examination Board

Form 4 Geography Answers Sheet

June 2014

PART ONE: MULTIBLE CHOICE QUESTIONS – Circle the letter of the correct answer – 10 marks (each for 1 mark)

1-B,

2-C,

3-D,

4-A,

5-B,

6-C,

7-D,

8-A,

9-B,

10-C

PART TWO: STRUCTURED QUESTIONS – Answer all questions in this part in the space provided – 50 marks (each 5)

  1. Labeling diagram: 4 marks

    • A. Inner core
    • B. Outer core
    • C. Mantle
    • D. crust

2) (a) Urbanization: the growth of towns and urban centers – 1 marks

(b) Four factors that do not attract settlement (push factors) – 4 marks

    • Insecurity
    • Waterlogged land
    • Areas with poor soils
    • Insects and pests breeding ground
    • Desert and non-fertile areas
    • Huge forested areas
    • etc

3. (b) Listing given words under Columns A and B respectively – 5 marks

Metallic minerals A Non- metallic B
Aluminum diamond
copper salr
silver

4) (a) define the term “Environment”: All surrounding external conditions including organisms and objects – 1 marks

(b) Name any four environmental hazards – 4 marks

    • Droughts
    • Earthquakes and volcanoes
    • Windstorms
    • Lightning
    • Floods
    • Pollution
    • Soil erosion
    • Fires
    • Oil spills
    • Acid rain
    • etc

 5. capital cities for the following regions 5 marks

    • a) Ayn: Buuhoodle
    • b) Hayland: Dhahar
    • c) Karkaar : Qardho
    • d) Nugaal : Garowe
    • e) Sanaag: Badhan

6. Carefully studying the map grid (1:1000,000) and answering the related questions   5marks

    • a) Converting the map scale, ratio (1:1000, 000) into scale statement: 1cm to 10km
    • b) The bearing of Armo from Bosaso as illustrated from the map 1350
    • c) The direction of Bosaso from Armo as illustrated from the map of Somalia: South-East.
    • d) If the distance between Bosaso and Armo is 10 cm (on straight line) on the map, measure the same area on the ground in kilometers: 100 Kilometers.
    • e) In which politalical region Armo locates: Bari

7) (a) Define the term “Geography”: “Geography” is a combination of two Greek   words, “geo” means earth and “grapho” which means to draw, describe or write  about the earth. It can also be defined as a scientific study of earth as home of  mankind. – 1 marks

   (b) The two main parts of geography: – 2 marks

    • Physical environment
    • Human and economic geography

(c) Two significances of geography to man 2 marks

    • Geography studies environment and its influences on human activities.
    • It also studies the earth’s atmosphere, the surface, rocks in the earth’s crust.
    • IT also Weather and climate affect on human activities.
    • Temperature and rainfall are factors studied to understand why some people live in certain regions and grow certain crops and not others.
    • Surface of earth is occupied by water bodies, rocks, soil, landforms and vegetation. they too, influence people’s activities.
    • Near lakes and seas can stimulate people to engage in fishing and water transportation.
    • Availability of water is normally a site of a settlement in an area
    • Large water bodies may modify climatic conditions in nearby lands.
    • We obtain water that may be trapped in rocks below the ground, for domestic, industrial or even for irrigation
    • n. We extract valuable minerals and fossil fuels.
    • Etc

8) (a) Differentiation between “land transport and water transport” – 2 marks

    • (i) Land transport: Moving goods and people along the land surface
    • (ii) Water transport: moving goods and people along the water surfaces.

(b) Three factors influencing the transportation – 3 marks

    • The physical land forms
    • Climatic conditions
    • Government factors
    • Distribution of goods and people in the area
    • Capital investment
    • Number of vehicles
    • Quality of vehicles and drivers
    • Stage of economic development of the country
    • etc

 9) (a) Define what is “agriculture”? : the science and art of growing crops and rearing  livestock – 5 marks

(b) Factors that influence agriculture

    • The climate
    • Altitude and slope of land
    • Soil factors
    • Biotic factors
    • Socio-cultural factors
    • Human factors
    • Economic factors, etc

 10) Giving two causes for each of the following factors –

A) Reasons for why world countries are different in crop production 2 marks

    • They are different in soils
    • Different in capital investment
    • The difference in socio-cultural food
    • Difference in human resource
    • Difference in technology power
    • Different in landscape
    • Etc

B) Reasons for food shortage in the Arab countries 2 marks

    • The poor climate in some regions
    • Backwardness in technological advances
    • Most of them import food
    • Most of them are busy with the production of oil
    • Most of the communities are nomadic pastoralists
    • etc

C) Reasons why more traffic accidents occur in Puntland 2 marks

    • Dry weather road is the most common road
    • Shortage of tarmac road
    • More potholes and lack of maintenance
    • More poor drivers
    • Lack of law and order
    • Gusting in rush times
    • etc

PART THREE: Extended questions – 40 marks (each 10) Answer only four questions out of the following six questions (in the space provided)

 1) (a) define the term “energy”: fuel or power needed to run a machine or to assist   human in production – 1 mark

    (b) List words in the box under Columns A and B respectively

Renewable A Non-renewable B
Solar Coal
HEP Petroleum
Uranium

(c) Differentiation between the two type of energy – 4 marks

(i) Renewable energy is a source of power that can be produced or regenerated. They are inexhaustible

(ii) Non-renewable is a source of energy that cannot be reproduced or regenerated. They are exhaustible and can never be increased or replaced once used.

 2) (a) Define the term “pollution”: contamination of land, water and making air harmful to human, animals or plant life. – 1 marks

(b) List these words under Columns A and B respectively – 5 marks

Natural hazards A Human-induced hazards B
Drought Erosion
Diseases Deforestation
Windstorms

    (c) four significances of the environment to man – 4 marks

    • We obtain our food from the environment
    • Genetic resources and endangered species are maintained
    • Forests are home for many animals and birds
    • Environment provides water supply needed by animals and plants
    • We extract some natural resources from the env.
    • Etc

3) Define the terms “intensive and extensive agriculture? 2 marks

    • Intensive farming: a type of farming where land is limited and farmer puts effort to produce as much crops as possible. It occurs almost near urban centers
    • Extensive farming: a type of farming where land is large enough and farmers put their efforts to grow almost a single crop for sale.

(b) Differentiation between characteristics of intensive and extensive agriculture – 8 marks

Intensive agriculture Extensive agriculture
i. involves small farm land a. involves large farm land
ii. yield per unit aera is high b. yield per unit area is low
iii. use of large labour force c. use of considerable machinery
iv. use of small machinery d. use of small labour force
v. income per man is low e. income per man is high

4. (a) Two simple traditional methods used for catching fish 2 marks

    • Use of traps
    • Use spears
    • Use bow and arrows
    • Use of baskets
    • Use scoops
    • Use baited hooks
    • Use of herbs and poison
    • etc

(b) Four major fishing grounds of the world 4 marks

    • North-eastern pacific
    • North-western pacific
    • North-eastern Atlantic
    • North-western Atlantic
    • Coastal Peru

(c) Discussing four factors that have promoted major world fishing   grounds.  4 marks

    • Wide and long continental shelf
    • Meeting cold water and warm water
    • Large amounts of minerals brought by rivers
    • Large market provided by large population
    • High indented coastline
    • Advanced fishing technology eg fishing vessels
    • Cold frozen and rugged inland not suitable for farming

 5. (a) Define the term “Transportation” ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­: moving goods and people from one  place to another 1 marks

(b) Explain four benefits of road transport in Puntland 4 marks

    • Used to transport export goods to the ports
    • Used to transport import goods to the consumers inland
    • Facilitates distribution of products entire local markets
    • Joins produced good to local consumers
    • Facilitates people to join local airports and port to travel abroad
    • etc

(c) Five uses of mobile phones rather than transferring information 5 marks

    • use calculators
    • use games
    • write and keep notes
    • Record sounds
    • Take photographs
    • Use calendars
    • Use time keeping
    • etc

 6) a) (i) When Somalia joined to the Arab League Countries? = 1974 – 1 marks

(ii) four Arab countries occur in North Africa – 4 marks

    • Egypt
    • Tunisia
    • Libya
    • Algeria
    • Morocco

(b) (i) two important rivers rather than Nile that run through middle

east countries (sham):2 marks 

    • Tigris (dajla)
    • Euphrates
    • Gordan
    • Dua
    • etc

 (ii) Discussing three features making Arabs occur an important strategic position 3 marks

    • Occurrence of important canals like Suez Canal, Hormoz and Gibraltar.
    • They join both east and west of the world
    • Arab countries occurs on both Asia and Africa
    • They occur at the center of the world
    • Etc