HISTORY – ANSWER SHEET, June 2014

PART ONE: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

N/Q Option
1 A
2 B
3 D
4 B
5 C
6 B
7 B
8 A
9 B
10 C
11 B
12 B
13 A
14 D
15 C

PART 2 : STRUCTURED QUESTIONS. ANSWER ALL  QUESTIONS.

  1) A) In which year was Prophet Mohamed (PBUH) born?

Prophet Mohamed (PBUH) was born 571 A.D

     B) Name the FOUR rightly guided caliphs who succeeded the   prophet (PBUH) in order?

    • Abu bakar Sadik
    • Omar Binu khadab
    • Osman Binu Affan
    • Ali Ibnu Dalib

   C) Name the caliph who collected the holy kuran (quran) and  distributed it to the regions?

         – Abu Bakar Sadik

 2) A) Define the term slave trade?

Slave trade: The buying and selling of human beings.

     B) Give THREE REASONS why African people were enslaved?

    • African slaves were thus recruited from East Africa to go and work in those plantations.
    • Africans were considered physically fit to work in harsh climatic conditions compared to the native red Indians and Europeans.
    • The suitable winds and currents (monsoon winds) which eased transportation for slave traders greatly contributed to the rise of slave trade.
    • The invention of Spanish mines in West indices increased slave demands to work in the mines
    • Development of long distance trade that needed slaves to transport goods from the interior of East Africa.

     C) State any TWO EFFECTS of slave trade?

    • Plantation farming increased in some areas, especially the clove plantations were slaves worked.
    • The interior was opened to the outside world this later encouraged the coming of European missionaries.
    • The trade routes became permanent routes and inland roads which led to growth of communication networks.
    • There was growth of the coastal towns.
    • African population was reduced; people who would have been great leaders and empire builders were killed.
    • Slave trade led to displacement of people and many became homeless and destitute many and stayed in Europe with no identity.
    • Progress slowed down, which resulted in famine, poverty and destitution and helplessness.

 3) Explain TWO REASONS behind the collapse of the Somali   government

    • Siyad barre action was dictator that is led to collapse of the Somali government
    • Economic problem also played a key role the collapse of the government
    • Mistrust among the Somali leaders also cause the collapse the Somali government
    • Tribalism, nepotism was the major causes of the collapse

 4) A) Describe any TWO FACTORS that led the rise of African   nationalism?

    • The exposure of Africans to severe economic exploitation like land alienation and causing them to be subjected to forced labour on Afrikaner farms.
    • The influence of Pan-Africanism in South Africa as early as the 19th century when people like Rev.
    • The introduction of racial discrimination enshrined in the apartheid law of 1948 convinced Africans that only freedom could save them.
    • The great exploitation of African labour through Labour regulations and laws.
    • The development of large urban centres created an enabling environment for Africans to forge close inter-ethnic relations that enabled them to counter the Afrikaner racist policies.

       B) Name any TWO nationalist leaders in Africa?

    • Kwame Nkrumah
    • Ahmed Sékou Touré
    • Léopold Sédar Senghor
    • bafemi Awolowo
    • Jomo Kenyatta

 5) List three MAJOR CONDITIONS that favoured Britain in     leading the Industrial Revolution in Europe.

    • Existence of cottage industries which acted as a base for industrial.
    • Political stability and strong leadership that existed at the time created a condusive environment for investments when compared to other European countries.
    • Well developed transport and communication network
    • Availability of wealth/capital that stimulated industrial revolution.
    • Availability of industrial raw materials in her vast colonies
    • Enough of Workers: Workers are needed to work in the factories. And the businesses expand, more workers are needed.

 6) A) When was SYL established?

15 may – 1943

     B) Name any THREE founder members of the SYL?

    • Abdulkhadir Sheikh Sakhawudeen
    • Yasin Haji Osman Sharmarke.
    • Mohamed Hirsi Nur (Seyedin)
    •  Haji Mahamed Hussein Mahad
    • Osman Geedi Rage
    • Dhere Haji Dhere

    C) State TWO ACHIEVEMENTS of SYL?

    • They eliminate Somali colonizers in the region
    • They promote Somali languages
    • They participate the Somali elections

 7) List THREE MAJOR REASONS why the Tigris and Euphrates   were so crucial to the rise and growth of the ancient  Mesopotamian Civilization?

    • Tigris and Euphrates were provide the fertile soil that suitable for agricultural
    • They provide water for drinks , cooking food, e.t.c
    • They provide water for irrigation for agricultural system
    • They provide fishing and fishery processes
    • Tigris and Euphrates were improved transport networks in the Mesopotamian Civilization

 8) Explain any TWO RESULTS of the Dervishes struggle   movement ?

    • There was massive loss of life, as many Somalis were killed
    • The process of colonization by Europeans was delayed considerably.
    • There was favorable boundary change that saw Ogaden being placed under Italian Somaliland.
    • Somali nationalism rise
    • The Somali cattle were confiscated.

 9) A) Which year was the Versailles peace treaty held?

the Versailles peace treaty was held 1919

     B) List any six results of Versailles peace treaty?

    • The treaty declared Germany an aggressor who was supposed to pay reparations and whose military capability was to be reduced.
    • She lost all her colonial passions with the African colonies being taken from her and put under supervision of the League of Nations.
    • Germany’s population and size was reduced as Austria, with a large German population was allowed to remain independent. Italy acquired Stria, the Italian speaking region of Austria.
    • Rhineland was to be permanently demilitarized. Germany troops were not allowed in the region.
    • By the treaty of Versailles, Germany lost the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine to France.
    • Germany was totally disarmed and only allowed to retain a force of 100,000 soldiers and her navy was disbanded.

 10) Discuss how the Second World War encouraged the   decolonization of Africa?

    • World War II strengthened nationalism in the continent. The Africans’ quest for political independence received a boost with support from UNO, USA and USSR.
    • The attainment of political independence in India in 1947 and Burma (now Myanmar) in 1948 encouraged many nationalists in Africa.
    • Some countries of African they fought the side of allied power that encourages they got their independences.
    • After the Second World War the world built new organization that promote the human rights and condemning the colonization was inhumanity

 11) Explain briefly any TWO CAUSES of Russian revolution?

    • The Russian people didn’t want to fight anymore, because the war had been putting burdens on them
    • Poor leadership during of the Czar’s regime brought Russian people hate the Czar’s regime
    • many of the Russian people become poor and hungry
    • The Russian government refused to stopped the war against Germany and the Russian people didn’t want to fight anymore

 12) A) Why was the league of nation formed?

the league of nation was formed

    • It was formed for the Maintenance of world peace
    • It was created to prevent the outbreak of another world war.
    • meant to foster international cooperation in solving problems as they arise.
    • It was formed to jointly take instant action against an agreed aggressor by economic and possibly by military means
    • Members were to secure and maintain fair and humane conditions of labour as one way of maintaining peace in the world
    • It was formed to oversee development of territories lost to central powers during the First World War. E.g. Tanganyika, Togo, South West Africa etc.

      B) State any TWO ACHIEVEMENTS of the League of nations

    • The League of Nations, through the Permanent Court of International Justice, maintained international peace and security.
    • The League of Nations achieved its objective of treating the minority with humane
    • The league was able to solve several interstate disputes in a peaceful manner.
    • The league successfully restored financial stability in Austria following the economic slump in the country after the World War 1.
    • It successfully enforced control over the manufacture and sale of arms. It also held disarmament meetings

PART 3: (EXTENDED QUESTIONS)

 1) A) Explain the term national integration?

National integration refers to the process by which various components of a nation are brought together into a whole leading to national unity.

    B) Explain briefly any TWO IMPORTANCE’S of national   integration?

    • National integration Helps in social and economic development through enhanced national unity.
    • It develops a sense of national direction, facilitating unified goals and co-operation.
    • It enhances political stability and security by eliminating suspicion.
    • Promotes peaceful c-existence of different tribes and races hence leading to peace and harmony.
    • It enables a country to develop a sense of direction as national goals are communicated to the people in the spirit of national integration.
    • It leads to achievement of easier, more accurate communication as the nation increases efforts of national integration.

   C) Evaluate how fair distribution of resource promotes national unity?

    • fair distribution of resource promotes national unity because of :-
    • Fair distribution of resource brought Social justice, the creation of a society for all, is the over-arching goal of social integration.
    • Fair distribution of resource brought to end mistrust among the societies
    • Fair distribution of resource brought to develop the social amenities
    • Fair distribution of resource brought compete the towns , cities in generally
    • Fair distribution of resource brought collaboration among the local governments their populations.
    • Fair distribution of resource brought equality is intrinsic to approaches to social integration

 2) A) Describe how the industrial revolution contributed to the   ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT of the world?

    • Creation of employment opportunities
    • Emergence of Factories and urbanization
    • Improved Standards of living
    • Local and international trade developed
    • European economies became diversified as a result of industrial growth.
    • Development and use of machinery in agriculture led to increased production
    • The emergence of trade union movement

    B) Carefully evaluate TWO EFFECTS of the revolution on the     ENVIRONMENT?

    • There has been increased exploitation of resources like factories, fisheries, minerals etc as factories yearn for raw materials due to increased production
    • Industrial revolution brought environmental pollution
    • Industrial revolution brought Air and water pollution – The biggest problem is air pollution, caused by the smoke and emissions generated by burning fossil fuels.
    • Industrial revolution brought environmental depletion of the natural resources

 3) In 1945, America dropped two atomic bombs on the two   Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

   A) Explain clearly any THREE SOCIAL EFFECTS of this event?

    •  The bombing had killed an estimated 140,000 people in Hiroshima, and a further 74,000 in Nagasaki
    • Many of the survivors would face leukemia, cancer, or other terrible side effects from the radiation.
    • It razed and burnt around 70 per cent of all buildings
    • In Hiroshima 90 per cent of physicians and nurses were killed or injured
    • In Hiroshima and Nagasaki, most victims died without any care to ease their suffering.
    • Some of those who entered the cities after the bombings to provide assistance also died from the radiation.

  B) Discuss any TWO ECONOMIC EFFECTS of this event?

    •  The bombing reduces Japan’s production capacity
    • Shortage of food was most severe and living standards were lowest in 1946
    •  unemployment became a serious problem, the joblessness would reach 10 million
    • There were  the highest inflation that Japan ever experienced, before or after.
    • Private foreign trade was prohibited, The volume of international trade was very limited

 4) A) Explain briefly what the policy of appeasement mean

    • the policy of appeasement is the kind of police that is giving your enemy to avoid a war
    • The Appeasement Policy of Britain and France forced them to stand aside and avoid taking a firm action against Japan when she invaded china, Germany when she invaded and occupied Rhineland, and Italy when she attacked Ethiopia.

    B) Describe how the appeasement caused the Second World   War?

    • The policy of appeasement encouraged Hitler to be more aggressive
    • The policy of appeasement make Germany better defended
    • The policy of appeasement encouraged Hitler built more soldiers, workers , raw material ,weapons and industries.
    • The policy of appeasement it encourages Hitler to take the risks that led to world war 2
    • The policy of appeasement giving many aggressive to take more land

 C) Explain briefly how the appeasers justified the policy of   appeasement?

    • They fear the expansion of the Communism that led to the the policy of appeasement
    • It was thought essential to avoid war
    • It was thought to help and not to fail the league of nation
    • Economic co-operation b/w Britain and Germany would good for both sides

5) A) What does the term cold war mean?

    • The Cold War refers to the strained relations that existed between the western world led principally by the United States and the communist East led by the USSR, after the Second World War.
    • The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union and the United States and their respective allies, the Eastern Bloc and the Western Bloc, after World War II.

   B) Explain briefly two causes of cold war?

    • Ideological differences- There was deep-seated fear and mutual suspicion between USA and USSR over the spread of their ideologies–capitalism and communism.
    • Formation of military alliances- In April 1949, the USA, western European countries and Canada formed a military alliance through the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty in Washington D.C. (NATO).Russians responded by signing the Warsaw Pact, in May 1955, a military alliance of communist countries.
    • Economic rivalry- In 1947, the USA President Harry S. Truman introduced the Marshal Plan, a scheme to assist western European countries that had been devastated by war.The USSR in turn formed Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON), an economic cooperative plan for Eastern Europe.

   C) Discuss the effects of cold war?

    • It brought immense divisions and conflict to people of the same continent, region and countries based on pro-west or pro-east ideologies.
    • There was untold suffering to the people. Disease, poverty and refugee camps became common sights.
    • There was destruction of the economy as infrastructure was destroyed by war.
    • It created mistrust and suspicion amongest nations.
    • It led to arms race. It led to militarization of regions and countries.
    • It led to political crises and actual war e.g. civil wars in Korea and Vietnam, the Suez Canal crisis of 1956 and the Hungarian Revolution of 1956.
    • . It threatened international peace and security. Insecurity in the world increased.
    • Led to formation of economic alliances and military alliances like NATO (1949) and the Warsaw pact (1955).

 6) A) Name the first communist leader of china?

– The communist leader of china was Mao Zedong

     B) Explain briefly THREE REASONS for the communist   victory?

    • The Communist Policy was critical in gaining the support of the peasants. They promised Land Reforms that would give the peasants land.
    • Tactics.-The Nationalist tactics played into the hands of the Communists who were able to make the most of the position they found themselves in at the end of the Second World War.
    • The Communists had a good relationship with the Soviet union and through this were able to secure the arms that had been confiscated from Japanese troops
    • Leadership- The Communists had a well thought out plan and knew how to gain the support of the people.
    • T he People- In most parts of China the Communists were able to win the suport of the majority of the local population. This was a massive advantage when advancing into territories.
    • The Communists received military aid and guidance from the Soviet Union which was measured, realistic and effective.

  C) State three principles of sun yat-sen, the leader of china?

    • Principle of Nationalism – Revelations of Chinese history prove that the Chinese as a people are independent in spirit and in conduct.
    • Principle of Democracy- In this way my principle of democracy may be carried out satisfactorily.
    • Principle of Livelihood- With the invention of modern machines, the phenomenon of uneven distribution of wealth in the West has become all the more marked.