HISTORY – ANSWER SHEET, June 2016

PART ONE: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

  1. C
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D
  5. A
  6. B
  7. D
  8. B
  9. A
  10. C
  11. A
  12. D
  13. B
  14. D
  15. B

PART 2 : STRUCTURED QUESTIONS. ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS.

 1) A) Achievements of Caliph of abubakr during his caliphate

    • Crushing the rebellion that threatened the Muslim religious community as posed by shifting tribal allegiances after the passing of the Prophet
    • It was during his leadership that the Qur’an was preserved in text format
    • He initiated the expansion of the Rashidun Empire by destroying both the Persian and Byzantine Empires through one of his strongest military leaders Khalid

   B) Caliph of abubakr after his death

Omar Binu Khattab

 2)  A) IGAD was formed

January 1986

      B) members of the IGAD

    • Djibouti
    • Ethiopia
    • Eritrea
    • Kenya
    • Somalia
    • the Sudan
    • South Sudan and
    • Uganda

 3) The reasons that causes USA to entry first world war

    • America was protected her trade with Britain. (US– Anglo relationship was strong).
    • USA was fully aware that the a defeat of Allied powers would cost her financial and industrial institutions.
    • The USA and British intelligence were able to link some Germany sympathizers with the industrial sabotage in factories and trade unions in the USA.
    • U.S.A enter WW I when Germany submarines named U-boats (underwater boats) attacked American ships (Lusitania) that were carrying food and weapons to Great Britain.

  4) The major achievements of the Somali revolutionary council     include

    • Enforcing the Somali Script for the Written Language which has been regarded as the greatest achievement in Somali History.
    • Campaigns against corruption, laziness, tribalism and cleanliness
    •  Establishing the First Somali University
    • Entering Somalia into the Arab League in 1974
    • Creating security courts to solve tribal clashes

  5) A) Egyptian writing system

Hieroglyphics

     B) The role played the Nile river in ancient Egyptian include:

    • It provide the irrigation water for agriculture
    • It provide the fresh water for drink
    • It provide for fishing and fishery
    • It provide transportation system

  6) The Consequences of the slave trade in Africa

       A) The economic effects

    • African traditional industries were destroyed by the sale of cheap manufactured goods from Europe.
    • It led to introduction of new (manufactured) goods in West Africa which undermined many indigenous technologies like smithing and medicine.
    • Africa was depleted of her vital manpower that was greatly needed in agriculture and defence.
    • Destruction of African property during the slave raids.
    • African leaders accumulated a lot of wealth e.g Dahomey, jaja, Asantehene.
    • It led to development of European economies. A number of large cities grew along the coastal ports.

      B) The political effects

    • There was increased conflict between communities especially where the gun was used.
    • It led to rise and growth of states e.g. Asante, Dahomey.
    • It led to founding of Liberia and Sierra Leone as settlements for slaves who were freed

      C) The social effects

    • It caused immense suffering to many people.
    • It led to forced emigration of about 10 million people to the Americas between 1500 and 1888.
    • Many slaves died between capture and arrival to their destinations.
    • Depopulation occurred in areas where slaves were taken from.
    • It led to changes to social roles; women became the heads of their families due to the enslavement of men.

  7) The reasons that led Hitler to power in Germany

Hitler’s rise to power can be attributed to a mixture of factors, such as the  strengths of the Nazi party, which he used to his advantage, culminating in his becoming chancellor in 1933.

    • Hitler was a great speaker, with the power to make people support him.
    • The moderate political parties would not work together, although together they had more support than the Nazis.
    • The depression of 1929 created poverty and unemployment, which made people angry with the Weimar government.
    • The Nazi storm troopers attacked Hitler’s opponents.
    • Goebbels’ propaganda campaign was very effective and it won support for the Nazis.
    • German people were still angry about the Treaty of Versailles and supported Hitler because he promised to overturn it.
    • Industrialists gave Hitler money and support.

 8)  A) The reasons behind the creation of Puntland state include:-

    • creation of Puntland in 1998 and allowed for relative stability in region
    • Puntland was created to develop administration system in the region
    • Puntland was created to seek Somali union and to keep federalism
    • To restore the functions of the public institutions

    B) Achievements of Puntland since its establishment

    • Puntland develop administration system in the region
    • Puntland eliminate the clan disputes in the region
    • Improves living standard of the society
    • Promote and provide education quality in the generation of the region
    • Puntland was restored the Somali union and keep federalism
    • Puntland promote peace and security in the region

    C) The current vice president of Puntland was

              Abdihakim Abdullahi Haji Omar 

 9) Somali-Ethiopian war in 1977 has many causes and effects

    The causes

    • Somali government searching to restore independence of the Somali west region called Ogadenia
    • Both countries there’s long history of the hostility
    • Siyad Barre was a great nationalist he want all Somali speaks have one flag
    • Both nations claims to the region

    The effects

    • Both countries become weakness and eventually they collapse
    • Somali lost their friends of USSR and Cuban’s
    • Somali was not achieved their goals to restore the region
    • The war brought a lot of causalities in the two countries
    • Ethiopia got a lot of friends include Soviet Union and Cuban

 10) A) Members of the allied powers in the second World war   were:-

    B) Factors that enabled the allied powers to win the Second     World War.

    • Allies had more wealth in terms of food, raw materials and equipments.
    • Entry of USA in the war led to defeat of Germany. America had strong American air force and war resources.
    • The unity, morale and determination of the allied leaders and fighters.
    • Popular sentiment was for allied victory and Hitler’s defeat.
    • Allies had better industries and financial resources/ superior economy, war tactics and superior diplomacy by all the allied powers.

  11) The reasons behind the Russian revolution in 1917

    • Widespread suffering under autocracy—a form of government in which one person, in this case the czar, has absolute power
    • Weak leadership of Czar Nicholas II—clung to autocracy despite changing times
    • Poor working conditions, low wages, and hazards of industrialization
    • New revolutionary movements that believed a worker-run government should replace czarist rule
    • Russian defeat in the Russo-Japanese War (1905), which led to rising unrest
    • Bloody Sunday, the massacre of unarmed protestors outside the palace, in 1905
    • Devastation of World War I—high casualties, economic ruin, widespread hunger
    • The March Revolution in 1917, in which soldiers who were brought in for crowd control ultimately joined labor activists in calling “Down with the autocracy!”

12) Importance of studying history

    • History enables us to appreciate people’s evolution, origin of cultures and development
    • When we study history, we appreciate people’s contribution to national development.
    • It helps us to know the origin of mankind, his development and the progress he has made to this day.
    • We are able to understand our culture and appreciate the culture of other people.
    • it instills a sense of patriotism and nationalism among citizens as they learn of the past political developments of their country.

 13) A) Explain briefly how the Somali union Happened.

    • On June 26, 1960, British Somaliland gained independence from Britain as the State of Somaliland. On July 1, 1960, the State of Somaliland unified with the Trust Territory of Somaliland, forming the Somali Republic.
    • After discussions in 1960, Representatives of Somaliland and Somalia agreed that an Act of Union will be signed by both states on independence and that this document will be in the nature of an international agreement between the two states.

     B) Name the second president of Somali republic since its     independence

  • Abdirashid Shermarke (1919–1969)

 PART THREE: (EXTENDED QUESTIONS)

 1)  Camp David peace settlement was signed between Egypt and   Israel

     A) Explain why the two sides begun to talk.

    • Anwar Sadat convinced that Israel could not be destroyed by force
    • Israel faced economical problems
    • U.S.A president played vital role the negotiations

    B) Main points agreed by Egypt and Israel

The main points include:

    • Egypt promised not to attack Israel again
    • Israel ships should use the Sues canal
    • To stop the war b/w the Israel and Egypt
    • Israel promise the give Egypt the Sinai Peninsula

 2) A) Examine the reasons behind the collapse of the Somali   government.

    • Siyad barre action was dictator that is led to collapse of the Somali government
    • Economic problem also played a key role the collapse of the government
    • Mistrust among the Somali leaders also cause the collapse the Somali government
    • Tribalism, nepotism was the major causes of the collapse

   B) Evaluate the economic consequences of the civil war to   Somali

    • Somali civil war brought heavy loss of properties
    • Somali civil war brought economic stagnation
    • The Somali industries back warded and looting during the civil war
    • After the civil war Somalia rate of employment become less
    • Drought and famine was the results of the Somali civil war

 3) A) When was the League of nations was formed?

The League of nations was formed January 10, 1920

     B) The reasons was formed the League of nations

    • To develop cooperation among nations and to guarantee them peace and security”.
    • It was formed for the Maintenance of world peace
    • It was specifically created to prevent the outbreak of another world war.
    • To foster international cooperation in solving problems as they arise.
    • Members were to secure and maintain fair and humane conditions of labour as one way of maintaining peace in the world.
    • It was formed to oversee development of territories lost to central powers during the First World War. E.g. Tanganyika, Togo, South West Africa etc.

      C) The weakness of the league of nations

Its main weaknesses

    • It was set up by the Treaty of Versailles (which every nation hated).
    • Its aims were too ambitious.
    • Germany, Russia and the USA were not members.
    • It had no army.
    • Its organization was cumbersome.
    • Decisions had to be unanimous.

 4) Between 1900 and 1920 the Dervishes battled against the     colonial force in Somali

    A) Name any three colonialists that Dervishes fought .

Britain, Italy and French

     B) Analyze the reasons why the Dervishes struggle against the     colonialists

    • The Somali people being Muslims were opposed to being controlled by the British who were Christians.
    • The Somali were against British control of their pastureland and watering points.
    • To  unified of all areas populated by Somalis into one country

    C) The consequences the Dervishes struggle against the colonialists

    • There was massive loss of life, as many Somalis were killed
    • The process of colonization by Europeans was delayed considerably.
    • There was favorable boundary change that saw Ogaden being placed under Italian Somaliland.
    • Somali nationalism rise
    • The Somali cattle were confiscated.

 5) A) The reasons that facilitate Britain to lead the industrial   revolution in Europe

    • Availability of coal and iron ore which served as a basis for heavy industries.
    • Existence of a large population which provided steady internal market for the manufactured goods/domestic local markets.
    • Political stability and strong leadership that existed at the time created a condusive environment for investments when compared to other European countries.
    • Well developed transport and communication network
    • Availability of wealth/capital that stimulated industrial revolution.
    • Availability of industrial raw materials in her vast colonies.

    B) Assess the economic impact of industrial revolution in   Europe

    • Creation of employment opportunities.
    • Emergence of Factories and urbanization.
    • Improved Standards of living. Living conditions and health care improved during the 19th century.
    • Local and international trade developed.
    • European economies became diversified as a result of industrial growth.
    • Large scale production of a wide range of goods. new methods of farming , such as the use of fertilizers and new crop breeds were developed.