HISTORY – ANSWER SHEET FORM 4 

PART ONE: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

N/Q Option
1 D
2 D
3 A
4 B
5 B
6 C
7 C
8 A
9 B
10 C

PART 2 : STRUCTURED QUESTIONS. ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS.

 1) The Trans-Atlantic Slave trade had many consequences.   Identify

  A) The economic effects

    • African traditional industries were destroyed by the sale of cheap manufactured goods from Europe.
    • It led to introduction of new (manufactured) goods in West Africa which undermined many indigenous technologies like smithing and medicine.
    • Africa was depleted of her vital manpower that was greatly needed in agriculture and defence.
    • Destruction of African property during the slave raids.
    • African leaders accumulated a lot of wealth e.g Dahomey, jaja, Asantehene.
    • It led to development of European economies. A number of large cities grew along the coastal ports.

  B) The political effects

    • There was increased conflict between communities especially where the gun was used.
    • It led to rise and growth of states e.g. Asante, Dahomey.
    • It led to founding of Liberia and Sierra Leone as settlements for slaves who were freed

  C) The social effects

    • It caused immense suffering to many people.
    • It led to forced emigration of about 10 million people to the Americas between 1500 and 1888.
    • Many slaves died between capture and arrival to their destinations.
    • Depopulation occurred in areas where slaves were taken from.
    • It led to changes to social roles; women became the heads of their families due to the enslavement of men.

 2) The common problems that faced African states after their   independence include :

    • Political instability – in many countries of Africa were faced a lot of political issues that eventually caused to decline the economically , social reforms
    • Military coups– in the most countries were happened several coups that removed the legal system of the country.
    • Tribe differences – in many areas of the continent there’s tribe variations those struggle to handle the systems

 3) A) The two importance of the national integration are :-

    • National integration enable the country to develop economically, politically and social amenities .
    • National integration encourages to unity the country to achieve its millennium goals
    • National integration promote co-existences of the different societies to in peaceful manner

     B) Factors that promote national integration include

    • Same government
    • Constitution
    • Common language
    • National symbol
    • One president
    • Mass media

    C) Factors that limited national integration

    • Religion conflict
    • Tribalism & nepotism
    • Political ideologies ( political differences )
    • Discrimination

 4) Factors that led to rise the African nationalism include :-

    • Africans were fed up of heavy and harsh taxation by the Europeans.
    • Africans were fed up with the gradual destruction of their culture by the whites.
    • Africans resented colonialism because it interfered with their political institutions
    • The formation of the UNO and the pressure it exerted on the European powers to decolonize helped the Africans in their course.
    • The emergence of United States and the Soviet Union as super powers in the world contributed to the decolonization process.

 5) The three objectives of the Somali Youth League (SYL) .

    • To unite the Somali people
    • To eliminate foreign languages and colonies powers
    • To improve and restore Somali dignity and to struggle the independence of Somalia.

 6) Achievements of the Pan-Africanism include :-

    • The movement created political awareness among people of African origin and a sense of deep concern for suffering of blacks all over the world.
    • It put in place Steps towards the restoration of status and dignity to the African people, which had been eroded by slave trade, colonialism and racism.
    • The movement provided an important forum where the people of African origin could discuss their problems.
    • It laid the basis for the Formation of OAU, which later became the African Union (AU).
    • The movement enabled African leaders to be more committed to African issues

 7) Compared and contrasted the causes of WWI and WWII

Compared the causes of WWI and WWII

    • Militarism
    • Alliances system
    • Nationalism
    • Economic rivalry
    • Imperialism

contrasted the causes of WWI and WWII

    • The WWI Start point was Austria- Hungary while the WWII Start point was Poland
    • Rise of dictators in Europe
    • Great depression
    • Broke of the Versailles treaty

 8) Somali-Ethiopian war in 1977 has many causes and effects

      The causes

    • Somali government searching to restore independence of the Somali west region called Ogadenia
    • Both countries there’s long history of the hostility
    • Siyad Barre was a great nationalist he want all Somali speaks have one flag
    • Both nations claims to the region

     The effects

    • Both countries become weakness and eventually they collapse
    • Somali lost their friends of USSR and Cuban’s
    • Somali was not achieved their goals to restore the region
    • The war brought a lot of causalities in the two countries
    • Ethiopia got a lot of friends include Soviet Union and Cuban

 9) The main aims of the Dervishes movement include :-

    • To remove the colonial rule in the Somali territory.
    • To prevent the spread of the other religion in the Somali territories .
    • To restore Somali dignity
    • To promote Somali cultural and spread the Islamic religion.

 10) A) Three reasons of the rapid spread of Islam

    • Good leadership
    • Holy wars against other religions in the region
    • Good governance

      B) The mechanisms that is used the central government to     control the local government include:-

    • To limited their power & coverage areas they controlled
    • To maintenance how to use the resources that allocated
    • To work the needs of the society their ruled
    • To observed when the elections where happen

PART THREE: (EXTENDED QUESTIONS)

 1) A) Five reasons that led to the formation of the United Nations   ( UNO)

    • To promote and maintain international peace and security and prevent the occurrence of another world war.
    • To promote respect for fundamental human rights and freedoms.
    • To promote social progress and better living standards of the people.
    • To protect the interests of minority groups such as women and children
    • To replace the league of nations which had collapsed before the outbreak of WWII

 2) How the Nile river affected the following in the ancient Egypt?

   a) Farming

    • They get Availability of Water for irrigation and for domestic use from river Nile.
    • Existence of fertile silt deposits and mud originating from the flooding of the Nile between July and October annually, which provided fertile soil for crop farming.
    • Presence of indigenous crops and animals from which domestication was made.
    • Another advantage was that Egypt had a suitable warm climate for crop growing and ripening.

   b) Trade

    • Trade promoted agriculture among the Egyptians
    • Trade enabled some society members to specialize in other activities since a few could now produce enough food for all.
    • It promoted social stratification or classes in Egyptian society

 3) A) The Causes of the Second World war are :-

    • The rise of nationalism in Europe
    • great depression of 1929 to 1931.
    • Weakening of the League of Nations.
    • Growth of military alliances
    • The invasion of Poland by Germany.
    • The rise of dictators in Europe

     B) Factors that enabled the allied powers to defeat axis power   during WWII

    • Allies had more wealth in terms of food, raw materials and equipment’s.
    • Allies controlled the North Sea, which ensured safe transportation of troops and equipment.
    • Entry of USA in the war led to defeat of Germany. America had strong American air force and war resources.
    • The unity, morale and determination of the allied leaders and fighters.
    • The axis powers made serious tactical mistakes e.g. Hitler failed to prepare for a winter campaign in Russia and was obsessed with the idea that Germans must not retreat.

  4) A) The causes of the Cold war

    • Ideological differences– There was deep-seated fear and mutual suspicion between USA and USSR over the spread of their ideologies–capitalism and communism.
    • Disagreement over the issue of disarmament– The use of atomic bomb on Japan by USA towards the end of World War II alarmed USSR.The two sides failed to agree on an arms reduction plan and continued to stockpile atomic bombs.
    • Economic rivalry– In 1947, the USA President Harry S. Truman introduced the Marshal Plan, a scheme to assist western European countries that had been devastated by war.The USSR in turn formed Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON), an economic cooperative plan for Eastern Europe.
    • Formation of military alliances– In April 1949, the USA, western European countries and Canada formed a military alliance through the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty in Washington D.C. (NATO).The formation of NATO ended USA’s isolationist policy. Russians responded by signing the Warsaw Pact, in May 1955, a military alliance of communist countries. These alliances fostered hostility between countries.

   B) Measures taken by the super powers to cease tension b/w   them include :-

    • They reduce the risk of nuclear war and the arms-race costs
    • The super powers agreed to settle the world’s peace and security
    • The super powers realized to obey the charter of the UNO to keep world’s peace and security.

  C) The effects of the Cold war

    • It brought immense divisions and conflict to people of the same continent, region and countries based on pro-west or pro-east ideologies. E.g. in Angola.
    • There was untold suffering to the people. Disease, poverty and refugee camps became common sights.
    • There was destruction of the economy as infrastructure was destroyed by war.
    • It created mistrust and suspicion amongest nations.
    • It led to arms race. It led to militarization of regions and countries.
    • It threatened international peace and security. Insecurity in the world increased.

 5) A) The reasons that was formed the UNO.

    • To foster friendly relations among nations of the world.
    • To promote respect for fundamental human rights and freedoms.
    • To promote social progress and better living standards of the people.
    • To protect the interests of minority groups such as women and children.
    • To promote economic growth among member states who are working towards reconstructing the world economy that was destroyed by the World War 2.

     B) The organs of the UNO

    • The General Assembly
    • The Security Council
    • Economic and Social Council
    • The International court of Justice
    • Trusteeship Council.
    • The Secretariat

  C) Problems facing the United Nations Organization in its   operation.

    • National sovereignty. Many countries disregard the UNO resolutions in favour of their sovereignty.
    • It is unable to stop aggressions and conflicts between individual countries when super powers are involved.
    • Lacks sufficient funds to carry out its work efficiently. E.g it has not always been able to send enough peacekeeping forces due to lack of sufficient funds.
    • The arms race. The UNO has found it difficult to achieve world peace because of the arms race in different parts of the world.
    • The increased occurrence of natural disasters such as famine, floods and epidemics has created an unexpected demand for economic resource