HISTORY – ANSWER SHEET, June 2018

PART ONE: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

N/Q Option
1.       C
2.       B
3.       A
4.       C
5.       A
6.       C
7.       C
8.       B
9.       D
10.  C
11.  B
12.  D
13.  D
14.  D
15.  C

 PART 2 : STRUCTURED QUESTIONS. ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS.

 1) The reasons that led to the downfall of Ottoman caliphate

Starting in the 1600s, the Ottoman Empire began to lose its economic and military dominance to Europe. There are many factors that contribute to Downfall of Ottoman Empire include:

    • Poor leadership and having to compete with trade from the Americas and India, led to the weakening of the empire.
    • In 1683, the Ottoman Turks were defeated at the Battle of Vienna. This loss added to their already waning status.
    • The Balkan Wars, which took place in 1912 and 1913, the Ottoman Empire lost nearly all their territories in Europe.
    • In 1915, Turkish leaders made a plan to massacre Armenians living the Ottoman Empire.

 2) A) How many years Omar binu khattab during his caliphate?

12 years

     B) Achievements of the Omar binu khattab during his caliphate

    • Umar’s greatest achievement was undoubtedly the expansion of the Islamic empire.
    • Introduced Islamic calendar.
    • Umar was the first to introduce the public ministry system, where the records of officials and soldiers were kept.
    • He was the first to appoint police forces to keep civil order.
    • He was the first to discipline the people when they became disordered.

 3) Assess the consequences of the partition of Africa

    • Use of divide and rule promoted ethnic disunity that continues to trouble Africa many years after independence.
    • Negatively, it led to collapse of African traditional political systems and leadership.
    • It led to development of urban centers. Some towns grew as centers of administration
    • European languages were introduced in Africa.
    • The Africans adopted some negative aspects of western culture.
    • Many Africans lost their lives through resistance.
    • Partition speeded up the economic growth of European nations.
    • Africans were exposed to heavy taxation and denial to participate in economic activities like farming, trade etc.

   4)  A) Name the Egyptian writing system

Hierographic

       B) Evaluate the role played by the Nile river in ancient Egyptian

    • The Nile River provided water for domestic use
    • The Nile River d also provide a means of transport. This enabled Cairo to grow.
    • Availability of water for irrigation which increased food production and influenced growth of Cairo.
    • Industrial development –various industries developed in Cairo. Food processing industries and construction works.
    • Fertile Nile Valley. the Valley had adequate rainfall and the river always carried silt which it deposited downstream to provide.

 5) The organization of IGAD was established in 1986.

    A) Name the headquarter of IGAD.

Djibouti City

B) List any four members states of IGAD

  • Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan and Uganda

 6)  What were the motives of Saddam Hussien to invade Kuwait?

    • Hussein used a historical claim that Kuwait was once a part of Iraq
    • He wanted to claim Kuwait’s oil reserves to help pay his country’s debts.
    • Saddam was believed Kuwait is a weak region and need to  protection from the stronger states
    • He had the strongest army in the region , he did not expect any action from outside world.

  7) The treaty of Versailles in 1919 ended the war between Germany and allied powers. Explain why Germany disliked the treaty of Versailles?

Germany hated the Versailles treaty because of :

    • Germany was forced to pay reparations of the war and guilt.
    • Germany military capability was to be reduced.
    • Germany lost the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine to France.
    • Germany Military conscription was banned.
    • Germany army was totally disarmed.

  8) Somalia took independent in 1960 when the southern regions and Northern regions united

A) state the independent dates of

                              Southern Somalia

1th July 1960

                           Northern Somalia

26th June 1960

               B)   Explain how the united happened.

    • On June 26, 1960, British Somaliland gained independence from Britain as the State of Somaliland. On July 1, 1960, the State of Somaliland unified with the Trust Territory of Somaliland, forming the Somali Republic.
    • After discussions in 1960, Representatives of Somaliland and Somalia agreed that an Act of Union will be signed by both states on independence and that this document will be in the nature of an international agreement between the two states.

  9) Why did the league of nations failed to stop Japanese aggression against Manchuria?

    • The League of Nations ultimately fail to achieve widespread disarmament.
    • The failure to provide adequate security guarantees for its members
    • The League of Nations has not able to stop Japanese aggression against Manchuria because is powerless.

  10) The Russian revolution happened in 1917

    A) What the meant Russian revolution?

Russian Revolution was the revolution that occur in 1917 That the Tsar of Russian was abdicated and The state authority collapses within a week.

     B) Explain how the Bolsheviks come to power.

  The Bolsheviks party was the world’s first communist state and he has a slogan of his promises of “bread, land and peace,” won the support of many Russian people . in additional the Bolsheviks party was the only part willing      to stop the war and it also promised the peasants land right away.

  11)  SYL was established in 1945 . Assess the role played by SYL in Somalia’s road to independence.

    • They eliminate Somali colonizers in the region
    • They promote Somali languages
    • They participate the Somali elections
    • To improve and restore Somali dignity and to struggle the independence of Somalia

PART THREE: (EXTENDED QUESTIONS)

  1)  A) Discuss the social impact of industrial revolution.

    • Population increase. As living conditions and health care improved during the 19th century, Europe’s population doubled every 50 years.
    • Improved Standards of living. Living conditions and health care improved during the 19th century. The famines that troubled rural areas did not happen in industrial areas.
    • Rural urban migration has exerted pressure on the limited resources and services the towns can offer.
    • Working conditions in the factories were just as bad as the living conditions
    • Poor sanitations in the industrial centers often led outbreaking of diseases

      B) Discuss the Economic impacts of industrial revolution

    • The revolution led to search for markets for European manufactured goods in Africa resulting in scramble for and partition.
    • Industrial revolution led to improved transport system, which was necessary for effective colonization.
    • Industrial revolution led to intense rivalry in trade, which was projected, into Africa.
    • Creation of employment opportunities. Ordinary working people found increased opportunities for employment in the new mills and factories.
    • Emergence of Factories and urbanization- Industrialization led to the creation of the factory system was largely responsible for the rise of the modern city, as large numbers of workers migrated into the cities in search of employment in the factories.
    • Improved Standards of living. Living conditions and health care improved during the 19th century. The famines that troubled rural areas did not happen in industrial areas.

  2)  A) Explain the main points agreed in Munich conferences?

    • To avoid confrontation and maintain the collective security
    • To enforce the rules of league of nations not fail
    • To determine Hitler could obtain Sudetenland

     B) Show how Munich agreement led to the outbreak of World war II?.

    • Munich agreement led to encouraged Hitler to be more aggressive
    • Munich agreement led Germany become better defend
    • Policy of appeasement allowed Hitler to get with every things we went
    • Munich agreement led to encouraged Hitler to take the risk that led to World War 2

3) Repel groups formed in Somalia after the Somali – Ethiopian war in 1977

     A)  Explain how the Repel groups in Somalia led to downfall of Somali government?

Somalia has been without a functioning central government since the late dictator General Mohamed Siad Barre was ousted in 1991.

    • Somalia’s defeat in the OgadenWar strained the stability of the Siad regime as the country faced a surge of clan pressures.
    • Some the Somali Fronts An abortive military coup in April 1978 paved the way for the formation of two opposition groups SSDF and SNM both organizations undertook guerrilla operations from bases in Ethiopia.
    • The SNM attacked government forces in their home region, provoking a bitter conflict that left ghost towns in the hands of government forces.
    • The some Somali fronts that was supported by the Ethiopia’s hostile policy, the absence of major power interest in Somalia It led to downfall of Somali government
    • Civil war in the 1980s led to the collapse of Somalia’s central government in 1991 It led to downfall of Somali government
    • USC led a popular uprising that overthrew Siad and drove him to seek asylum among his own clansmen.
    • the Somali National Front, for control of the southern coast and hinterland. This brought war and devastation to the grain-producing region between the rivers, spreading famine throughout southern Somalia.

     B) Assess the consequences of the civil war to Somali people?

    • Somali civil war brought heavy loss of properties and life
    • Somali civil war brought economic stagnation
    • The Somali industries back warded and looting during the civil war
    • After the civil war Somalia rate of employment become less
    • Drought and famine was the results of the Somali civil war

    4) Between 1900 and 1920 the Dervishes battled against the colonial force in Somali

       A) State three reasons behind  the Dervishes struggle against the colonial force.  

    • The Somali people being Muslims were opposed to being controlled by the British who were Christians.
    • The Somali were against British control of their pastureland and watering points
    • The British attempted to stop the Somali raiding activities against their neighbors.
    • The Somali were opposed to the division of Somali land into the British and Italian spheres of influence, which separated the clans.

        B) Discuss the consequences of this war

    • There was massive loss of life, as many Somalis were killed. Sub-commissioner Jenner was also killed.
    • Somali lost their independence through the declaration of the protectorate status.
    • The Somali cattle were confiscated.
    • Somali nationalism rise up

5)   A) Assess the achievement of United nations organization since its establishment

    • The organization has succeeded in keeping peace amid the threats of nuclear war and seemingly endless regional conflicts in the world.
    • The UN specialized agencies are engaged in a vast array of social work, affecting positively, every aspect of people’s lives around the world. E.g., child survival and development, environmental protection, medical research, agricultural development, education etc.
    • The organization has helped in promoting democracy around the world.
    • The UNO has promoted development of skills and potentials vital for all aspects of development.
    • It has helped in promotion of Human Rights. Since the adoption of the u niversal declaration of human rights in 1948, the UN has helped to enact more than 80 agreements on political, civil, economic, social and cultural rights.
    • Providing humanitarian aid to victims of conflicts. More than 30 million refugees fleeing war, famine or persecution have received aid from the UN high commission for refugees since 1951.

B) Explain the functions of General assembly

    • They make peaceful arbitration of disputes between nations.
    • The general assembly is to discuss, debate, and make recommendations on subjects pertaining to international peace and security.
    • The general assembly approves the un budget
    • The general assembly is the supreme policy making organ of the UN.
    • The general assembly appointed the 10 non-permanent of the security council
    • The general assembly approved new members of the united nations